Returning to ’90s, She Became Famous in Major Surgical Fields

   Chapter 2958 [2958] Error

   There is no doubt that the surgical incision is more precise, and the non-surgical conventional incision is used. It can be adjusted according to the specific lesions of the patient, and precise positioning can be achieved depending on the individual.

  The whole operation sounds wonderful, and it shows the magic of modern medicine.

  Families are happy to hear that. Only the doctor himself knows that in order to achieve true precision surgery, the existing medical technology cannot be perfect. Some technical difficulties have not been fully overcome, and there are always obstacles.

  If the 3D stereo navigation is 100% accurate, not even a neurotic boss like Cao Yong would envy the 3D computing brains like Xiao Shimei.

   Specifically, the biggest problem with three-dimensional stereo navigation is that it is not a real-time image, which is far worse than the almost real-time angiographic image of interventional surgery introduced earlier.

  If you want to do real-time images, first of all, the operating room needs to have too strong hardware. For example, the high-end hybrid operating room to be built in the new building of the National Association of Surgery, the operating room must be equipped with CT, and you can take CT real-time images for patients at any time. Furthermore, a CT is much more expensive than an angiography. It is impossible to do CT as often as an angiography to review during surgery. Checking so many images on CT at one time needs to be synthesized and read, which also consumes operation time.

  Without hardware support, the only thing the hospital can do is work hard before surgery.

  The doctor preliminarily draws up the surgical approach based on his own medical experience, sticks positioning markers on the surface of the patient's scalp, and then asks the patient to do a second head CT scan.

   The secondary ct scan image taken out is then input into the 3D navigation system. At this time, scalp marker points will appear in the 3D three-dimensional image. The doctor uses the marker to make the patient's head in reality overlap with the three-dimensional image head, forming a more accurate reference map for the comparison operation in the doctor's impression.

   In order to pursue more precision, doctors will put the head frame on the patient during adult surgery. There are various scales on the head frame, which can measure the patient's head shape parameters. This operation method belongs to the framed 3D calibration. Compared with the frameless 3D calibration mentioned above, it is a relatively primitive scalp incision positioning method in neurosurgery.

   Speaking of the current patients are children, children are not allowed to use headgear. The head frame is too heavy, and the child's skull is weaker than that of adults. The head frame is afraid of accidents, and the doctor can avoid it.

   Even if these previous preparations are well done, I am sorry, but the positioning during the operation may continue to go wrong. This is a common error in neurosurgery minimally invasive surgery using three-dimensional navigation systems. The academic name is image drift. Statistics show that the error rate can reach more than 60%.

  The reason is that there is cerebrospinal fluid flowing in the brain. As long as the patient's head moves, the cerebrospinal fluid will flow and change the brain tissue. During the operation, the patient's head was fixed, but the patient's head remained motionless, but the doctor had to find something in the tofu-like brain, and had to remove the lower brain tissue, so that the position and shape of the brain tissue would change again. Whoever makes the brain tissue soft is easily passive.

   Therefore, to achieve real-time precision in neurosurgery, unless there is real-time imaging image input software to adjust the three-dimensional image. As mentioned above, there are many reasons why real-time imaging cannot be recorded, so it is impossible to adjust 3D images in real time during surgery.

  The only way to break through is artificial intelligence, which relies on computers to calculate and deduce images of brain tissue moving in real time.

   (end of this chapter)

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